New studies reveal common DNA replication mechanisms in humans and yeast

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New studies reveal common DNA replication mechanisms in humans and yeast
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Humans and baker's yeast have more in common than meets the eye, including an important mechanism that helps ensure DNA is copied correctly, reports a pair of studies published in the journals Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

Van Andel Research InstituteAug 1 2024 Humans and baker's yeast have more in common than meets the eye, including an important mechanism that helps ensure DNA is copied correctly, reports a pair of studies published in the journals Science and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

It is the latest discovery from longtime collaborators Huilin Li, Ph.D., of Van Andel Institute, and Michael O'Donnell, Ph.D., of The Rockefeller University, to shed light on the intricate mechanisms that enable the faithful passage of genetic information from generation to generation of cells. To date, at least 40 diseases, including many cancers and rare disorders, have been linked to problems with DNA replication.

On their own, however, polymerases aren't good at staying on the DNA strand. They require CTF18-RFC in humans and Ctf18-RFC in yeast to thread a ring-shaped clamp onto the DNA leading strand, and another clamp loader called RFC in both human and yeast to thread the clamp onto the lagging strand. The clamp then closes and signals to the polymerases that they can begin replicating DNA.

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