Bacterial 'flipping' allows genes to assume different forms

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Bacterial 'flipping' allows genes to assume different forms
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Imagine being one cartwheel away from changing your appearance. One flip, and your brunette locks are platinum blond. That's not too far from what happens in some prokaryotes, or single-cell organisms, such as bacteria, that undergo something called inversions.

Imagine being one cartwheel away from changing your appearance. One flip, and your brunette locks are platinum blond. That's not too far from what happens in some prokaryotes, or single-cell organisms, such as bacteria, that undergo something called inversions.

"Bacteria are even cooler than I originally thought, and I'm a microbiologist, so I already thought they were pretty cool," said Rachael Chanin, PhD, a postdoctoral scholar in hematology. Microbiologists have known for decades that bacteria can flip small sections of their DNA to activate or deactivate genes, Chanin said. To the team's knowledge, however, those somersaulting pieces have never been found within the confines of a single gene.

Microbiologists have since found inversions occurring in small DNA segments of various kinds of prokaryotes. But Bhatt and her team wondered if they could also happen within a single gene. West created an algorithm, called PhaVa, that identified possible inversions within bacterial genomes. "That's a to-do now," Bhatt said."One of our next steps is to try to decode the molecular grammar so we can build a database of enzymes and a database of the inverted repeats that they flip."While there's still much more to understand about inversions, Bhatt sees potential for numerous applications."This is effectively a heritable, reversible type of genetic regulation," she said.

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