Lithium batteries are very difficult to recycle and require huge amounts of water and energy to produce. Are there viable alternatives?
The global demand for batteries is surging as the world looks to rapidly electrify vehicles and store renewable energy
Maria Forsyth, chair of electromaterials and corrosion sciences at Deakin University, Australia, says that switching from lithium to sodium battery production would be fairly low cost. Using solid electrolytes reduces the risk of dendrite formation – those tree-like structures within the battery that can cause battery failure. Solid-state batteries also have a
But while these batteries have some small-scale uses, they aren't currently an option for large-scale energy storage. "We need to be realistic," says Meng. "Right now, perhaps solid-state batteries are viable for IoT and wearables. But for solid-state tech that can contribute to the energy transition, they will need to be scaled to produce terawatt hours of energy.
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