Lassa Fever: All you need to know about this endemic and viral illness. Nigeria WestAfrica Africa LassaFever
PATHOGEN PROBLEM… Lassa virus caused a bigger-than-usual outbreak in Nigeria in 2018. Analyzing viral DNA in the field helped public health officials figure out why. PHOTO CREDIT: Ami Images/Science Source
What are causes and risk factors for Lassa fever? Lassa fever virus is mainly a zoonosis . It is spread to people through contact with household items, food, water, or air contaminated with the droppings or urine of infected multimammate rats . These rodents live throughout West Africa in homes, and they can shed this virus without being ill.
Infection prevention methods are critical to reducing infection of health care workers and spread within health facilities. Those at highest risk for serious complications and death are pregnant women in their third trimester. Stillbirth or fetal loss occurs in 95 per cent of pregnancies. It is not clear when infected humans are contagious or for how long they are contagious. The presence of virus in the blood is known to peak four to nine days after symptoms begin. The virus can be transmitted in semen for up to three months.
What are Lassa fever symptoms and signs? In those who have symptoms, Lassa fever begins with a flu-like illness: fever, malaise, generalized weakness, sore throat, severe headache, chest pain , back pain, and ringing ears. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea also occur. Organ failure and shock are often end-stage events. Fair-skinned individuals may have a faint rash of the upper body that is not seen in dark-skinned individuals.
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