A top European court says Bosnia's political system, set up under a U.S.-brokered peace deal that ended the country’s brutal war in the 90s, amplifies ethnic divisions and undermines elections.
Bosnia’s dominant ethnic groups -- Muslim Bosniaks, Orthodox Serbs and Catholic Croats -- “control the state institutions to further their interest.” Meanwhile, the court ruled, the country’s nationals who belong to the minority groups or reject ethnic nationalism are “akin to second-class citizens.”
The constitution states that the candidates for the national presidency and the shared parliament’s upper chamber, which has to approve all legislation, must identify as ethnic Serbs, Croats or Bosniaks and that the two must be divided equally among the three groups. All others are excluded. The sectarian system of governance perpetuates a venomous political climate that allows the long-entrenched nationalist leaders to enrich their allies and leaves reform-minded Bosnians without the right to run for top offices and with little incentive to vote.
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