Review delves into the rising challenge of antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted infections, underscoring the need for innovative treatments and the critical role of global surveillance in managing diseases like gonorrhea and syphilis.
By Dr. Sushama R. Chaphalkar, PhD.Mar 21 2024Reviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc. In a recent review published in the journal Nature Reviews Microbiology, researchers discussed the epidemiology, treatment options, and emerging antimicrobial resistance in sexually transmitted bacterial infections caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Treponema pallidum .
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gonorrhoea remains prevalent globally, with an estimated 82 million cases annually, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries and high-risk populations like sex workers and men who have sex with men . Incidence has surged in recent years, notably in high-income countries, posing significant public health challenges and risks of severe complications.
Mycoplasma genitalium M. genitalium prevalence is estimated to be around 1.3% in high-income countries and 3.9% in LMICs, peaking in the age group of 20–30 years. It disproportionately affects MSM and sex workers, with detection challenges due to low bacterial load and variable test performances. Chlamydia trachomatis C. trachomatis, the most common bacterial STI, affects approximately 129 million individuals globally each year, with higher rates observed in sexually active individuals under 25 years of age. Most infections are asymptomatic, but when symptoms occur, they typically manifest as mucopurulent cervicitis, urethritis, conjunctivitis, or proctitis, with potential complications including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.
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