Sickle Cell Disease is a genetic blood disorder that affects hemoglobin, causing red blood cells to become rigid and sickle-shaped. These abnormal cells can block blood flow and lead to various complications, including an increased risk of infections.
The spleen, which plays a crucial role in filtering bacteria and supporting immune function, is often impaired in individuals with SCD, making them more susceptible to bacterial and viral infections. Understanding these risks and implementing effective prevention strategies is essential for managing the disease and improving quality of life.One of the most critical complications of SCD is functional asplenia, a condition in which the spleen is either damaged or non-functional.
Fungal infections may occur in individuals with SCD who require frequent hospitalization or catheterization, particularly those caused by Candida species.Given the increased risk of infections, individuals with SCD must adopt multiple prevention strategies, including vaccinations, prophylactic medications, and lifestyle adjustments.
Recognising the early signs of infection is crucial for timely medical intervention. Parents, caregivers, and individuals with SCD should be vigilant for symptoms such as fever, chills or shaking, difficulty breathing, severe fatigue or weakness, and bone or joint pain. Any fever over 101°F requires immediate medical attention, as infections can progress rapidly in individuals with SCD.
Practising good hygiene reduces the risk of infections. Frequent handwashing with soap and water, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, wearing masks in crowded or high-risk environments, and keeping wounds clean and covered are all essential habits to adopt.
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