Cancer has remained top of the list of diseases that are indiscriminately reducing the welfare and wellness of persons across the world, particularly, in developing countries like Nigeria.
Ifeoma Okoye is a Professor of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka/University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu , Enugu State. Fondly called ‘Pink Professor’, Okoye is also the Director, University of Nigeria Centre for Clinical Trials , and Founder /Co-Chair African Clinical Trial Consortium.
These ‘Cancer causing infections’ include: hepatitis and human papilloma virus , and are responsible for up to 25 per cent of cancer cases in low- and middle-income countries! Air pollution is one of the risk factors with significant contribution of 80 per cent to cancer risk that barely any attention is paid to, in Nigeria! The situation deserves institution of an emergency response.Environmental factors which include: putrefying fumes released from dangerous bio-wastes and fumes from fuels used in generators, vehicles, burning wastes, cooking, etc.
At home, due to unreliable electricity supplies, many Nigerians rely on generators, which spew out noxious fumes, often in unventilated areas. On the street, car emissions go unregulated. There is no serious roadworthiness oversight of vehicles in Nigeria, and with the little there is, owners bribe their way across regulators.
Some mining areas like Jos, Tin, Lead and Iron Ore, Coal in Enugu, etc. are all emitters that have implicated carcinogenic effects, often by direct exposure or contaminants of drinking water. Very interesting and significant news is the recent creation of the National Cancer Research and Treatment Institute, and appointment of the ‘pioneer Director General ’ by President Muhammadu Buhari. It is expected to yield great outcomes and huge impact in cancer control.
In conclusion, In Nigeria, the most common type of cancer in women are breast and cervical cancer, accounting for up to, 57 per cent of all cancer cases in women. Prostate cancer accounts for 45.6 per cent of all cancer cases in males between 2012 and 2016, according to Nigerian cancer registry report.
Researchers from Imperial’s School of Public Health have produced the most comprehensive assessment to date of the association between ultra-processed foods and the risk of developing cancers. Ultra-processed foods are food items, which have been heavily processed during their production, such as fizzy drinks, mass-produced packaged breads, many ready meals and most breakfast cereals.
For every 10 per cent increase in ultra-processed food in a person’s diet, there was an increased incidence of two per cent for cancer overall, and a 19 per cent increase for ovarian cancer specifically. Previous research from the team reported the levels of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the UK, which are the highest in Europe for both adults and children. The team also found that higher consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with a greater risk of developing obesity and type 2 diabetes in UK adults, and a greater weight gain in UK children extending from childhood to young adulthood.
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