The violence in Nigeria's northwest is rooted in the intense competition for land between Hausa farmers and Fulani herders, both of whom respectively
The violence in Nigeria’s northwest is rooted in the intense competition for land between Hausa farmers and Fulani herders, both of whom respectively mobilise vigilantes and bandits, a coming report is saying. The report by the International Crisis Group is due for release next Monday. It identifies the effects of climate change, the proliferation of small and light arms, demographic explosion, Jihadi infiltration, and weak governance, among others, in exacerbating the violence.
The causes of violence in the North West are complex and inter-related. At its root, the region’s security crisis derives from long-running competition over land and water resources between predominantly Fulani herders and mainly Hausa farmers, both of whom have over time mobilised armed groups for protection. Climate change-related environmental degradation and high population growth have intensified this struggle.
Violence has had a far-reaching humanitarian and economic impact on the region and created a domino effect of security problems. Over the last decade, more than 8,000 people have been killed – mainly in Zamfara state – with over 200,000 internally displaced and about 60,000 fleeing into Niger Republic. Livestock and crops have been decimated, further depressing human livelihood indices that were already the country’s lowest.
Some state governments have more recently engaged in peace talks with herder-allied armed groups, partly because these groups are perceived as the major actors in the violence. They are offering amnesties to those willing to disarm, while pledging to address herders’ grievances and needs. These concessions produced peace agreements that curbed the violence in late 2019, but with deadly incidents continuing and the region awash in arms, the sustainability of these deals is highly questionable.
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