Mucosal vaccination triggers superior T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 variants Mucosal vaccination TCell COVID SARSCoV2 biorxivpreprint dukenus DukeHealth
By Neha MathurSep 12 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In addition, the I.N. vaccine-induced T cell phenotypes had polyfunctional interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor expression and encompassed abundant T central memory cells.
T cells are highly cross-reactive to multiple SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, SARS-CoV, and seasonal coronaviruses. Studies in non-human primates have pointed to a protective role of T cells in vaccine-induced protection. It is also noteworthy that SARS-CoV-2 infection begins at the mucosal surface of the nasal passages and lung airways. Therefore, there is an urgent need for alternative vaccine approaches for SARS-CoV-2, including subunit vaccines, which use adjuvants to promote immune activation.
They harvested spleens, popliteal LNs, or the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue , a rodent structure analogous to Waldeyer’s ring in humans, of all mice at necropsy on day 35 post-vaccination to prepare single-cell suspensions. They isolated red blood cells from the single-cell suspensions of the spleen and determined total cell numbers using a hemocytometer.
The heightened systemic T cell responses in multiple T cell subsets in the spleen also persisted in the TMEM cell compartment for several weeks following the SARS-CoV-2 challenge. These TMEM cells exhibited an improved polyfunctional phenotype, characterized by dual expression of TNF and IFN-γ upon ex vivo stimulation and in vivo memory recall to antigen. An enhanced interleukin-17 production characterized the in vivo splenic T cell responses.
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