This article explores the misconception of Èṣù as Satan, prevailing among many Yorùbá, particularly Christians. It argues that Èṣù is a distinct Yorùbá Òrìṣà, rooted in indigenous knowledge, and not a Judeo-Christian figure. The author draws upon their experience working on a documentary project that highlighted the association of Èṣù with evil and the subsequent need to understand Èṣù within the context of Yorùbá ontology.
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It suffices at this point, to say that Èṣù is a Yorùbá Òrìṣà. Òrìṣà is a key concept in Yorùbá indigenous knowledge. Òrìṣà manifest as archetypal phenomena, around which knowledge of both the material and non-material elements of the Yorùbá environment is built.
In summary, of the 56 references to Satan in the English Bible, 55 of them were translated as Satani. The only occurrence in which Satan was not translated as Satani is found in Psalm 109 verse 6, where it was translated as “Olufisun” , apparently, for reasons of necessary contextualisation. I am yet to find any occurrence in any of the versions of the Yorùbá Bible that I possess and read regularly, where Satan was translated to Yorùbá as Èṣù.
When the translators got to the end of their tether and found no meaningful Yorùbá word to express ‘myrrh’, the third gift offered to Jesus by “wise men from the East”, it seems they “manufactured” the wordthe word was never part of the Yorùbá vocabulary in pre-Christian times. I am yet to find a meaning for the word. Any enlightening information on the word from readers of this article will be most appreciated.a depth of empathy.
Culture African Studies Èṣù Yorùbá Religion Òrìṣà Satan Colonialism Misconception
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