Dust is Hiding how Powerful Quasars Really are universetoday storybywill
The amount of dust is measured by the way it causes light from the AGN to shift toward the red end of the spectrum. This effect is known as “reddening,” and the amount of reddening corresponds directly to the amount of dimming. Although scientists have long recognized the possibility that dust dims the light from AGNs, the amount was widely considered negligible.
According to the results from this latest research, the amount of obscuring dust may be underestimated, much like the overall brightness of AGNs. The team reached this conclusion by studying the reddening effect of dust in the most well-studied AGN using seven different indicators. These included a mean AGN reddening curve, a standard reddening curve of the Milky Way, and the Small Magellanic Cloud curve.
Artist’s impression of a supermassive black hole and accretion disk. Credit: ESA/Hubble, ESO, M. Kornmesse These results show that In the ultraviolet wavelength, where most of their energy is radiated, a typical AGN puts out an order of magnitude more energy than previously thought. Another takeaway is that AGNs are very similar, and what was thought to be fundamental differences in brightness and energy output are actually the result of different amounts of dust. This could have drastic implications for our understanding of galactic formation, evolution, and the role played by SMBHs in both.
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