This achievement fully resolves long-standing materials and manufacturing challenges linked to solid-state batteries.
Researchers have developed a key material technology that accelerates the commercialization of all- solid-state batteries . These are next-generation batteries designed to intrinsically eliminate the risks of fire and explosion.
“This achievement fully resolves long-standing materials and manufacturing challenges that have remained unsolved for more than two decades in garnet-type solid electrolyte research,” said Dr. Baek Seung-Wook, Principal Research Scientist of the Emerging Material Metrology Group at KRISS.Non-flammable solid electrolytesResearchers from the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science revealed that lithium-ion secondary batteries, which are widely used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems , rely on flammable liquid electrolytes, making them vulnerable to fires and explosions. Once ignited, such fires are particularly difficult to extinguish. In recent years, a series of incidents—including a fire at a government data center operated by the National Information Resources Service and explosions involving EV batteries—has further underscored the urgent need for safer lithium battery technologies.All-solid-state batteries replace liquid electrolytes with non-flammable solid electrolytes, fundamentally improving battery safety. Among them, oxide-based all-solid-state batteries have attracted significant attention as a promising next-generation solution due to their high energy density and the absence of risks associated with toxic gas release, which can occur in sulfide-based systems.Fabrication of high-performance electrolyte membranesOxide-based all-solid-state batteries primarily employ garnet-type solid electrolytes as their core materials. Garnet-type solid electrolytes exhibit high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability; however, due to their intrinsic material properties, the fabrication of high-performance electrolyte membranes requires a high-temperature sintering process, in which the powder is compacted at temperatures exceeding 1,000 °C, according to a press release.“At present, Korea relies entirely on imports for garnet-type solid electrolyte pellets, which cost more than USD 550 per unit for a diameter of just 1 cm,” said Dr. Kim Hwa-Jung, a Postdoctoral Researcher in the Emerging Material Metrology Group at KRISS.“This technological breakthrough is expected to open the door to domestic production of high-value next-generation battery materials.”The research team also pointed out that to mitigate lithium evaporation, conventional approaches have relied on covering the electrolyte membrane with a large quantity of mother powder—a lithium-containing electrolyte material—during sintering. However, their method results in more than ten times the amount of mother powder being discarded compared to the actual electrolyte membrane produced, significantly increasing production costs and posing a major barrier to commercialization, as per the release.The team tackled this challenge by developing a fabrication technique that thinly coats solid electrolyte powders with Li–Al–O–based multifunctional compounds.The team underlined that the resulting surface coating layer supplies lithium during the sintering process while preventing lithium evaporation, and simultaneously enhances interparticle bonding through a soldering-like effect, thereby maximizing the densification of the electrolyte membrane.Using this approach, the team achieved a record-high density exceeding 98.2% without employing any expensive mother powder, producing high-strength solid electrolyte membranes free from chemical and mechanical defects, with ionic conductivity improved by more than twofold compared to conventional materials, as per the release.
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