ACE2: its diverse functions, relationship with SARS-CoV-2, and the implications for COVID-19 disease sequelae CellCellPress UAlberta IMBA_Vienna ACE2 SARSCoV2 COVID19 coronavirus covid disease
By Bhavana KunkalikarMar 9 2023Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study published in the Cell, researchers assessed the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.
SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are betacoronaviruses, which most likely originated in bats. The spike protein-encoding S gene is the most common locus for recombination to increase receptor binding affinities for ACE2, indicating that evolutionary adaptation of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain is essential for cross-species transmission.
SARS-CoV-2 infections facilitated by ACE2 distribution The tropism and variety of extrapulmonary symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 are reliant on ACE2 tissue expression and distribution. Specific to the infectious process and primary viral transmission, ACE2 expression decreases from the nasal epithelium to the lower respiratory tract, correlating with viral infectivity patterns.
Numerous contributory processes, including chronic immunological activation, vascular dysfunction, prolonged dysregulation of tissue ACE2, and autoantibodies, have been hypothesized for the etiology of long COVID. ACE2 dysregulation observed at the time of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection has been related to elevated mortality levels as well as acute myocardial injury.
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