Graphene's exceptional electron transport and mechanical properties make it a key material for advanced electronics and sensors.
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Feb 28 2024Reviewed by Megan Craig, M.Sc. Graphene is a single layer of atomic carbon arranged in a honeycomb lattice or hexagonal pattern. This nanomaterial is regarded as a ‘wonder’ material because of its high electron mobility, thermal conductivity, optical transparency, flexibility, strength, and a large specific surface area.
Graphene has many exceptional properties due to its structural features. Some of the key properties of graphene are discussed below. Mechanical Graphene exhibits exceptional stiffness, elasticity, strength, and toughness. The tensile strength of graphene is 125 GPa. A study has shown that graphene possesses around 100 times superior mechanical strength in comparison to steel.8
Related StoriesIt must be noted that for neutral graphene, the chemical potential lies exactly at the Dirac points.10 The gate potential shifts the chemical potential away from the Dirac point and modifies the charge density of graphene. The linear dispersion of electrons and their tunability make graphene more dynamic than other two-dimensional semiconductor heterostructures.
The electron transport property of graphene is also effectively managed by the relativistic quantum theory. The presence of edges in graphene nanostructures, such as graphene nanoribbons, and graphene quantum dots, are associated with quantum confinement effects that result in unique electronic and optical properties.
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